Dynamic pricing and control for EV charging stations with solar generation
Costs for providing balancing services with V2G technology capability come from energy paid to EV users when the charging rate is negative (q i, t −), and when energy must be bought from the grid (q i, t +) when referencing to available solar power generation at the charging station as below (31) c v g = ∑ i = 1 I {∑ t = 1 24 p f ⋅ | q i, t − | + ∑ t = 1 24 c g t ⋅ (q i,