By allowing industries to generate power locally through solar energy and battery storage, DES reduces reliance on the national grid, lowers electricity costs, and ensures a stable power supply. During the dry season, hydropower generation can drop by up to 40%, leading to power shortages, voltage fluctuations, and increased operational costs for. The NEA is Nepal's state-owned power sector monopoly, established by an act of government several decades ago. It controls transmission, distribution and cross-border power trading. Generation has been partly liberalised and allows for private participation, but the state-owned enterprise dominates. Nepal's national electricity grid is supplied with power from a remarkably decentralised array of 162 hydropower projects and 14 solar photovoltaic schemes spread across 43 districts, supplying power over the grid to 30 million people. It is designed to bring about a transformational change in the distributed sustainable energy (DSE) market by significantly increasing private sector. Nepal has great potential for at least four types of solar energy technology: grid-connected PV, solar water heaters, solar lanterns and solar home systems.