This study evaluates the economics and future deployments of standalone battery storage across the United States, with a focus on the relative importance of storage providing energy arbitrage and capacity reserve services under three different scenarios drawn from the Annual Energy. This study evaluates the economics and future deployments of standalone battery storage across the United States, with a focus on the relative importance of storage providing energy arbitrage and capacity reserve services under three different scenarios drawn from the Annual Energy. The Drivers for Standalone Battery Storage Deployment is based on the Annual Energy Outlook 2022 which reflects current laws and regulations as of November 2021. As such, it does not incorporate the recently enacted Inflation Reduction Act, which will be reflected in future editions of the AEO. The 2022 ATB represents cost and performance for battery storage across a range of durations (2–10 hours). It represents lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)—focused primarily on nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistries—only at this time, with LFP becoming the primary. Battery storage in the power sector was the fastest growing energy technology in 2023 that was commercially available, with deployment more than doubling year-on-year. Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Storage Grand Challenge is a comprehensive program that seeks to accelerate. The 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Energy Code) has battery storage system requirements for newly constructed nonresidential buildings that require a solar photovoltaic (solar PV) system (2022 Nonresidential Solar PV Fact Sheet).