Key findings highlight the superiority of adaptive and AI-driven controls in handling non-linear and complex microgrid dynamics, though challenges like computational complexity and cybersecurity remain. Shaibu Ali Juma, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. Box 35091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Microgrids (MGs) have emerged as a promising solution for providing reliable and sus-tainable electricity, particularly. There is an emerging focus on microgrids as a means to achieve more electric efficiency and less dependence on conventional power grids. A microgrid can be defined by three key characteristics, as follows. Local A microgrid is focused on catering to nearby customers. Compatible with standard grid codes. On-grid solar and storage systems for peak shaving. The integration of power electronics in microgrids enables precise control of voltage, frequency. Despite the fact that distributed energy cannot be directly connected to the power grid, the concept of the microgrid (MG) is proposed to make better use of distributed energy and reduce its effect on the power grid. The low cost and high controllability of DC MGs have piqued the interest of.