Related Topics:
Components Make Battery-
What are the components of a solar battery cabinet lithium battery pack
Lithium-ion battery packs are complex assemblies that include cells, a battery management system (BMS), passive components, an enclosure, and a thermal management system. They power a vast array of applications, from consumer electronics to electric vehicles, and require careful engineering to. Lithium battery energy storage cabinets are revolutionizing industries from renewable energy to commercial power management. This article breaks down their manufacturing process, highlights industry applications, and shares data-driven insights to help businesses understand their value. Every. Understanding the key parts of a lithium battery is essential for distributors, installers, and end users alike.
-
What items are needed to make a small solar panel
Solar panels use silicone or coated glass cells to capture sunlight and generate electricity. If you want to make a basic solar cell, all you'll need is a few household items, titanium dioxide, and conductive glass. In just a few hours, you can create a small, basic solar cell that generates a modest current! While making a.
FAQs about What items are needed to make a small solar panel
What tools do you need to build a solar panel?
Mounting Hardware: Brackets, screws, and nuts for installing the panel. Multimeter: To test the voltage and current of your panel. Drill: For making holes in the backing and frame. Screwdriver, Pliers, Wire Cutters: Basic tools for assembly. This section delves into the heart of solar panel construction – assembling the solar cells.
How do you build a solar panel?
To build your own solar panel, you'll need to assemble the pieces, connect the cells, build a panel box, wire the panels, seal the box, and then finally mount your completed solar panel. Purchase the cells. There are a few different types of solar cells to buy, and most good options are either made in the United States, China, or Japan.
How do you use a solar panel?
Use the batteries to make any battery-powered device solar powered. Or use the panel to directly power small DC electronics. The panel consists of eight 1"x3" solar cells wired in series with a blocking diode mounted on a board and protected by clear plastic.
What do you need to install a solar panel?
Plexiglass or EVA Film: To cover and protect the solar cells. Silicone Caulk: To seal the edges and prevent moisture entry. Junction Box: To collect and transfer the solar energy. Blocking Diode: To prevent reverse current flow. Mounting Hardware: Brackets, screws, and nuts for installing the panel.
What materials are used in solar panels?
In the list of material of solar panel, silicon is the most essential component within photovoltaic cells as it is cheap, is the most abundant material on earth after oxygen, and has a high level of semiconductivity.
Can you build a solar panel using store-bought solar cells?
Building a small, DIY solar cell is a great way to improve your understanding of how solar technology works. However, if you want a functional solar panel, your best option is to create one using store-bought solar cells. Purchase wired micro polycrystalline solar cells for the easiest option.
-
What is the principle of battery energy storage power supply
Most of the BESS systems are composed of securely sealed, which are electronically monitored and replaced once their performance falls below a given threshold. Batteries suffer from cycle ageing, or deterioration caused by charge–discharge cycles. This deterioration is generally higher at and higher. This aging cause a loss of performance (capacity or voltage decrease), overheating, and may eventually le.
FAQs about What is the principle of battery energy storage power supply
What are battery storage systems?
Battery storage systems will play an increasingly pivotal role between green energy supplies and responding to electricity demands. Battery storage, or battery energy storage systems (BESS), are devices that enable energy from renewables, like solar and wind, to be stored and then released when the power is needed most.
How does a battery storage system work?
A battery storage system can be charged by electricity generated from renewable energy, like wind and solar power. Intelligent battery software uses algorithms to coordinate energy production and computerised control systems are used to decide when to store energy or to release it to the grid.
Why are battery storage systems important?
They make renewable energy more reliable and thus more viable. The supply of solar and wind power can fluctuate, so battery storage systems are crucial to “smoothing out” this flow to provide a continuous power supply of energy when it's needed around the clock, no matter whether the wind is blowing or the sun is shining.
When can energy be stored in batteries?
Energy can be stored in batteries for when it is needed. The battery energy storage system (BESS) is an advanced technological solution that allows energy storage in multiple ways for later use.
What is a battery energy storage system (BESS)?
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are pivotal technologies for sustainable and efficient energy solutions.
Are battery energy storage systems good for the environment?
Environmental Impact: As BESS systems reduce the need for fossil-fuel power, they play an essential role in lowering greenhouse gas emissions and helping countries achieve their climate goals. Despite its many benefits, Battery Energy Storage Systems come with their own set of challenges:
-
What to do if the battery panel of the electric car is broken
You have a couple of recharging solutions to consider should your electric car run out of battery: If it is not possible to recharge at a nearby charging station then you can use a portable charger or call for a break. So, power is starting to run out or you've come to a complete stop, let's look at your options: 1. Find a nearby charging station Yep – captain obvious. The most common-sense answer is to locate the nearest charging station. Most EVs provide real-time information about the battery's state of charge, so it's really easy for drivers to see how low the battery is getting. Here are some ways to know if your electric car's battery is running low: 1. The batter. An electric car could potentially travel for around 10-40 miles on a low battery before running out of power (estimated for a battery of around 10% and under). This will vary massively depending on the type of EV, the size of th. Try to keep calm, this is stressful but panicking can make the situation worse. As soon as you notice your battery is running critically low or the car starts to lose power you should pull over safely onto the hard shoulder or the n.
[PDF Version]
FAQs about What to do if the battery panel of the electric car is broken
What should I do if my electric car runs out of battery?
You have a couple of recharging solutions to consider should your electric car run out of battery: If it is not possible to recharge at a nearby charging station then you can use a portable charger or call for a breakdown cover provider who will charge the EV with a partial charge or tow you to a charging station.
What should I do if my car battery goes bad?
Try to charge your battery when you can, rather than waiting until it's completely dead. This will reduce wear and extend its service life. Check the battery condition regularly. Perform regular battery checks to ensure any problems are identified and corrected promptly.
What should I do if my electric vehicle won't charge?
If your electric vehicle won't charge, start by checking the charging cable, connectors, and port for damage. Ensure the charging station is compatible and functioning correctly. If the issue persists, consult a professional technician. 2. How can I extend the battery life of my electric vehicle?
How do I care for my electric vehicle battery?
Proper charging plays a key role in caring for your electric vehicle battery. Here are some tips to help you charge your battery efficiently: Use the original charger. Always use a charger recommended by your electric vehicle manufacturer. This will help avoid damage to the battery and ensure optimal charging speed. Avoid full discharge.
What if my electric car runs out of charge?
It's important to note that most modern electric cars give accurate range estimations and warnings when their battery's running low. However, if you do run out of charge while driving, follow these steps: Call your breakdown recovery company or possibly your insurer for help. If you have EV breakdown cover, contact your provider.
Can electric vehicle battery repair help you save money?
The truth is, electric vehicle battery repair, refurbishment, and maintenance can help you save money, maximize your car's performance, and extend its lifespan.
-
What are the battery separator material models
A separator is a permeable placed between a and. The main function of a separator is to keep the two electrodes apart to prevent electrical while also allowing the transport of ionic that are needed to close the circuit during the passage of in an.
FAQs about What are the battery separator material models
How do battery separators work?
Battery separators act as effective electrical insulators between the positive and negative electrodes. By preventing direct contact between the electrodes, they eliminate the risk of short circuits that may cause battery failure or pose safety hazards.
What is a polymeric battery separator?
Polymeric Separators Polymeric separators are widely used in various battery technologies, particularly lithium-ion batteries. These separators are typically made from polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP). Polymeric separators offer excellent dielectric properties, thermal stability, and mechanical strength.
How does a battery separator prevent a short circuit?
Battery separators prevent short circuits by physically separating the positive and negative electrodes, preventing direct contact between them. The separator's porous structure allows ions to pass through while blocking larger particles that could cause a short circuit. 4. What is the shutdown function in battery separators?
Why are battery separators important?
Another important part of a battery that we take for granted is the battery separator. These separators play an important role in deciding the functionality of the battery, for examples the self-discharge rate and chemical stability of the battery are highly dependent on the type of separator used in the battery.
Why do lithium ion batteries have separators?
The separator in a battery is often damaged because its material is easily crushed or broken. In the four core components of LIBs, the separators' primary function is to prevent physical contact with electrodes to avoid internal short-circuiting and offer a channel for lithium-ion transport [5,6].
What are the characteristics of a battery separator?
Battery separators are exposed to harsh chemical environments within the battery, including acidic or alkaline electrolytes and oxidizing or reducing species. The separator material must be chemically inert and resistant to degradation to ensure long-term stability and performance. 5. Wettability
-
What is the function and use of the BESS energy storage battery
A BESS is a type of energy storage system that uses batteries to store and distribute energy in the form of electricity. These systems are commonly used in electricity grids and in other applications such as electric vehicles, solar power installations, and smart homes. At its most basic level, a BESS consists of one or more batteries. BESS relies on one or more batteries to store energy, which can then be used at a later time. These batteries may be charged using excess. Battery Energy Storage Systems offers more than just a standard battery. It is fully packed with technologies allowing its system to capture charge and execute discharge. The following. There are several advantages to using BESS, including: 1. Provide a cost-effective way to store excess energy generated by renewable sources like wind and solar farms. 2. Can. There are various types of BESS available, depending on your needs and preferences. Some common types include lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, flow batteries, and.
[PDF Version]
FAQs about What is the function and use of the BESS energy storage battery
What is a battery energy storage system (BESS)?
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are pivotal technologies for sustainable and efficient energy solutions.
What is a Bess energy storage system?
A BESS is a type of energy storage system that uses batteries to store and distribute energy in the form of electricity. These systems are commonly used in electricity grids and in other applications such as electric vehicles, solar power installations, and smart homes.
What types of batteries are used in a Bess system?
With technology advancing, various types of batteries are being used in BESS setups, each with unique characteristics: Lithium-Ion Batteries: The most common choice, these batteries offer high energy density and are relatively light, making them suitable for a range of applications from small-scale residential setups to large utility-scale systems.
What is a battery energy storage system?
Battery energy storage systems, or BESS, are a type of energy storage solution that can provide backup power for microgrids and assist in load leveling and grid support. There are many types of BESS available depending on your needs and preferences, including lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, flow batteries, and flywheels.
Why should you choose a Bess battery?
With innovations continuously emerging, BESS is rapidly improving in efficiency, safety, and affordability: Solid-State Batteries: These are safer, offer higher energy density, and promise longer lifespans than traditional batteries.
What are the benefits of a Bess system?
Enhanced Reliability: By storing energy and supplying it during shortages, BESS improves grid stability and reduces dependency on fossil-fuel-based power generation. Cost Savings: BESS users can save significantly on energy costs by storing energy during low-demand, low-cost periods and utilizing it during peak demand times.
-
What brands of energy storage battery container manufacturers are there
Let's look at some of the big names in this fast-moving field:BYD Company Ltd. leads in battery storage facility research, development, manufacturing, sales, and service. BYD aims to help the world move from fossil fuels to renewable energy through BESS.
FAQs about What brands of energy storage battery container manufacturers are there
What are the top 10 energy storage manufacturers in the world?
This article will mainly explore the top 10 energy storage manufacturers in the world including BYD, Tesla, Fluence, LG energy solution, CATL, SAFT, Invinity Energy Systems, Wartsila, NHOA energy, CSIQ. In recent years, the global energy storage market has shown rapid growth.
Who makes the best battery energy storage system?
As the top battery energy storage system manufacturer, The company is renowned for its comprehensive energy solutions, supported by advanced industrial facilities in Shenzhen, Heyuan, and Hefei. Grevault, a subsidiary of Huntkey, is a leader in the battery energy storage sector.
Who is CATL battery?
CATL is a global leader in energy technology and one of China TOP 10 energy storage system integrator, focusing on lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage. In 2023, CATL was the world's largest EV battery manufacturer with a 37% market share.
Who makes ESS batteries?
ESS Inc. ESS Inc. is a leading manufacturer specializing in long-duration batteries for commercial and utility-scale energy storage needs. The company is driven by a mission to advance clean, sustainable, and renewable energy storage systems. At the heart of their innovation is the patented All-Iron Flow Battery technology.
Who is the largest EV battery manufacturer in the world?
In 2023, CATL was the world's largest EV battery manufacturer with a 37% market share. CATL's energy storage systems improve power grid efficiency by balancing load, managing frequency, and handling peak demands.
Does Tesla have a battery storage business?
Tesla has been growing its energy storage business in recent years. Established as a key player in the electric automotive industry, it has diversified its offerings to include battery storage — now one of its strongest offerings. Tesla Energy's energy storage business has never been better.
-
What kind of lithium battery material is good to use
A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of that uses the reversible of Li ions into solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher, higher, higher, a longer, and a longer. Also not.
FAQs about What kind of lithium battery material is good to use
What materials are used in lithium ion batteries?
In lithium ion batteries, the most common types of electrodes use nickel-manganese-cobalt-nickel-sulfur alloys. However, researchers are working on increasing the combination to up to 80% while keeping other metals to a minimum.
What are the different types of lithium batteries?
The different lithium battery types get their names from their active materials. For example, the first type we will look at is the lithium iron phosphate battery, also known as LiFePO4, based on the chemical symbols for the active materials. However, many people shorten the name further to simply LFP. #1. Lithium Iron Phosphate
Do all batteries use lithium?
No, not all batteries use lithium. Lithium batteries are relatively new and are becoming increasingly popular in replacing existing battery technologies. One of the long-time standards in batteries, especially in motor vehicles, is lead-acid deep-cycle batteries.
Are lithium ion batteries safe?
Among rechargeable batteries, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries are often considered one of the safest due to their stable chemistry, lower risk of thermal runaway, and resistance to overheating compared to other lithium-ion chemistries. What is the lifespan of a lithium-ion battery?
What is the main ingredient in lithium batteries?
The main ingredient in lithium batteries is, unsurprisingly, lithium. This element serves as the active material in the battery's electrodes, enabling the movement of ions to produce electrical energy.
What is a lithium ion battery used for?
More specifically, Li-ion batteries enabled portable consumer electronics, laptop computers, cellular phones, and electric cars. Li-ion batteries also see significant use for grid-scale energy storage as well as military and aerospace applications. Lithium-ion cells can be manufactured to optimize energy or power density.
-
What are the hazards of battery detection system
This article briefly explores the risks associated with battery testing, especially thermal runaway, the dangers posed by arc faults, and explosion hazards from off gassing.
FAQs about What are the hazards of battery detection system
What happens if battery temperature is too high?
Abnormal battery temperature can result in decreased battery performance, shortened lifespan, safety hazards such as fire or explosion, potential system faults, and unstable operation. Remedies include cool-down treatments, system resets, overhaul and maintenance, software updates, and safe energy discharge. 2.3.1. Cooling system fault
What is the most dangerous fault in a battery system?
Electrical fault The electrical fault in the battery system is one of the most dangerous fault types. Meanwhile, it is the most common fault. The electrical fault mainly includes ISC fault, ESC fault, over-charge/over-discharge fault, insulation fault, sensor fault, communication fault, and contactor fault.
Are batteries a hazard?
Batteries can pose significant hazards, such as gas releases, fires and explosions, which can harm users and possibly damage property. This blog explores potential hazards associated with batteries, how an incident may arise, and how to mitigate risks to protect users and the environment.
Are lithium-ion batteries fault-diagnosed?
Consequently, the fault diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries holds significant research importance and practical value. As electric vehicles advance in electrification and intelligence, the diagnostic approach for battery faults is transitioning from individual battery cell analysis to comprehensive assessment of the entire battery system.
Do battery faults affect EV safety?
The faults of the battery system cause significant damage to people's life and property safety. Meanwhile, it also increases people's safety anxiety about EVs [5, 6]. Although various fault analysis and diagnosis methods have been widely used in battery faults research [7, 8].
Is working in battery manufacturing a health and safety risk?
Working in battery manufacturing areas may pose health and safety risks to employees. We support our customers in keeping their employees safe and sound with the proper personal protection or air monitoring equipment.
-
What is the price of lead-acid energy storage battery
Lead-acid batteries typically cost £2,000-£4,500, depending on their capacity. This is around half the price of a lithium-ion battery of the same capacity.
FAQs about What is the price of lead-acid energy storage battery
What are lead acid batteries for solar energy storage?
Lead acid batteries for solar energy storage are called “deep cycle batteries.” Different types of lead acid batteries include flooded lead acid, which require regular maintenance, and sealed lead acid, which don't require maintenance but cost more.
What is a lead acid battery?
A lead acid battery is a kind of rechargeable battery that stores electrical energy by using chemical reactions between lead, water, and sulfuric acid. The technology behind these batteries is over 160 years old, but the reason they're still so popular is because they're robust, reliable, and cheap to make and use.
Are lead acid batteries worth it?
Probably not. Lead acid batteries can be somewhat more affordable than newer lithium-based technology, but they are almost certainly more difficult to use and maintain and require more hands-on work and knowledge to get working.
What are the different types of lead acid batteries?
Different types of lead acid batteries include flooded lead acid, which require regular maintenance, and sealed lead acid, which don't require maintenance but cost more. Lead acid batteries are proven energy storage technology, but they're relatively big and heavy for how much energy they can store.
How much does a lithium ion battery cost?
Typically, a higher discharge rate and longer life span will result in higher prices. A lithium-ion battery can cost £3,500 to £6,000 depending on its usable capacity (kWh). On the other hand, lead-acid batteries can only discharge 50% of the total amount of storage which means that they are available at comparatively cheaper prices.
Can lead acid batteries be used for home use?
In order for lead acid batteries to work for long periods of time, they must be discharged no more than half of their total battery capacity on a regular basis. Automotive batteries are not well-suited for storing energy for home use because they are designed to give short bursts of electricity that are used to start a car.
-
What is the battery under the photovoltaic panel called
Photovoltaic (PV) panels generate electricity from sunlight, but without batteries, that energy can't be stored for later use. The batteries paired with solar panels are commonly called solar energy storage systems or photovoltaic batteries. Gigawatt (GW): We measure the cumulative capacity of community solar nationwide in terms of GW. Kilowatt (kW): How we. When people ask, "What is the battery used in photovoltaic panels called?" they're often looking for more than just a name. Let's break it down in plain language. It is a type of photoelectric cell, a device whose electrical characteristics (such as current, voltage, or. What are Solar Panel Accessories? The solar panel accessories can vary depending on the type and style of the panel you operate. When we install solar panels in an autonomous facility, a battery. What are the components of a solar power system? The main solar components that come with every solar power system or solar panel kit are: But how do these solar system components convert the sun's energy into usable electricity for your home or business? On this page, we'll break down all the.
[PDF Version]
-
What is the battery production principle
A battery works on the oxidation and reduction reaction of an electrolyte with metals. When two dissimilar metallic substances, called electrode, are placed in a diluted electrolyte, oxidation and reduction reaction take place in the electrodes respectively depending upon the electron affinity of the metal of the. The Daniell cell consists of a copper vessel containing copper sulfate solution. The copper vessel itself acts as the positive electrode. A porous pot containing diluted sulfuric acid is. In the year of 1936 during the middle of summer, an ancient tomb was discovered during construction of a new railway line near Bagdad city in Iraq.
FAQs about What is the battery production principle
What is battery production?
Battery production is an intricate ballet of science and technology, unfolding in three primary stages: Electrode creation: It all begins with the electrodes. In this initial stage, the anode and cathode – the critical components that store and release energy – are meticulously crafted.
What is a battery & how does it work?
“A battery is a device that is able to store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, and convert that energy into electricity,” says Antoine Allanore, a postdoctoral associate at MIT's Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
What is the basic principle of battery?
To understand the basic principle of battery properly, first, we should have some basic concept of electrolytes and electrons affinity. Actually, when two dissimilar metals are immersed in an electrolyte, there will be a potential difference produced between these metals.
How is a battery made?
Cell assembly: The heart of the battery takes shape here. The anodes and cathodes are carefully assembled with separators, ensuring each cell can efficiently store and release electrical energy. Quality and performance testing: The final hurdle in battery manufacturing is rigorous testing.
How do batteries produce electricity?
Batteries produce electric energy though the chemical reaction occurring inside the cell. The key to carry out that reaction is the motion of electrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles that generate electricity while moving. This flow is possible with the use of two different metals acting as conductors.
What is the process of battery manufacturing?
The journey of battery manufacturing culminates in a vital phase: testing and validation. It's where the rubber meets the road, ensuring each battery meets stringent performance standards. Conditioning for perfection: Before a battery ever powers a device, it undergoes conditioning.
-
What type of technology does the blade battery belong to
The BYD blade battery is a for, designed and manufactured by, a of Chinese manufacturing company. The blade battery is most commonly a 96 centimetres (37.8 in) long and 9 centimetres (3.5 in) wide single-cell battery with a special design, which can b.
FAQs about What type of technology does the blade battery belong to
What is blade battery technology?
Blade Battery technology represents a paradigm shift in energy storage for electric vehicles. Unlike traditional lithium-ion batteries, which are cylindrical or prismatic in shape, Blade Batteries are flat and rectangular.
Why are blade batteries called Blade batteries?
Blade batteries are called Blade batteries due to their shape, which is more flat and elongated than traditional square batteries. The large battery cells, longer than 0.6 m, developed by BYD, are arranged together in an array and inserted into the battery pack like a blade.
What is a BYD blade battery?
The blade battery was officially launched by BYD in 2020. BYD claims that compared with ternary lithium batteries and traditional lithium iron phosphate batteries, the blade battery holds advantages in safety, range, longevity, strength and power.
What are the advantages of blade batteries?
Blade batteries offer several advantages, including safety and high energy. They lead the world to a new level of power battery safety. In terms of scalable production, lifespan, low temperature performance, and charging rate, the prospect of blade batteries has been more definitively outlined.
What are the peripheral components of the blade battery?
The peripheral components of a blade battery occupy the internal space of the battery pack, including the liquid cooling system and thermal insulation materials. Judging from the history of electric vehicle temperature control solutions of electric vehicle companies, they have basically developed from air cooling to liquid cooling.
What is a blade battery EV?
Diverse applications of Blade Battery Electric Vehicles (EVs): Blade Battery technology can be employed in electric vehicles, offering enhanced safety, increased energy density, and longer lifespan compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. It enables the production of safer and more efficient electric cars with longer driving ranges .
-
What is the process of battery pack potting glue called
Vacuum potting involves placing the battery assembly in a vacuum chamber and using vacuum pressure to draw the potting compound into the housing, ensuring complete encapsulation and eliminating voids.
FAQs about What is the process of battery pack potting glue called
What potting & encapsulation compounds are used in battery pack design?
Utilizing potting and encapsulation compounds in your battery pack design can optimize the performance of your end product. There are three basic types of resins used in this process; these materials are epoxy, urethane, and silicone. These polymeric formulations have excellent adhesion, thermal stability and outstanding chemical resistance.
What is potting a battery?
Potting: Potting involves encapsulating an entire battery or its individual cells with a protective material such as an epoxy, urethane or silicone potting compound. This process can be used for various types of batteries, including lithium-ion, lead-acid, and more.
What is battery potting & encapsulation?
Overall, both battery potting and encapsulation are crucial techniques in battery design and manufacturing to ensure the safety and reliability of batteries in a wide range of applications, from consumer electronics to electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. Below are 3 of our top products for Battery potting and encapsulation.
What adhesives can be used in battery assembly?
Thermally conductive epoxy adhesives and potting compounds can be used in battery assembly to improve heat dissipation. Select adhesive and sealant systems offer protection from moisture, vibration, mechanical shock and extreme temperatures.
What types of batteries can be potted?
This process can be used for various types of batteries, including lithium-ion, lead-acid, and more. Protection: Potting protects the battery from physical damage, moisture, dust, and other environmental factors.
What are potting and encapsulation compounds?
By utilizing potting and encapsulation compounds in your battery pack design, we can optimize the performance of your end product. There are five basic types of resins used in this process; these materials are epoxy, urethane, silicone, acrylic and polyester.
-
What is the purpose of Argentina s special energy storage battery
By integrating large-scale battery storage, Argentina aims to stabilise its electricity grid, reduce power shortages, and attract significant private and international investments. Intended to strengthen the grid in the greater Buenos Aires region, the program has attracted a lot of. Argentina has taken a decisive step toward modernizing its power infrastructure, drawing international attention with its first large-scale battery energy storage tender. The market is fueled by the country's push for renewable energy integration and the need for enhanced grid stability. A landmark development. Argentina's energy system, much like a overworked tango dancer, keeps stumbling when the heat is on. Argentina isn't just throwing pesos at the problem. Their strategy combines: YPF.