This study investigates the potential of solutions such as Mobility-as-a-Service, car sharing, micro-mobility, Vehicle-as-a-Service, and electric vehicles in addressing these challenges. Battery metal supply chains face unprecedented complexity as geopolitical tensions reshape traditional sourcing patterns across resource-rich nations. The Democratic Republic of Congo's position as the dominant cobalt producer creates systemic vulnerabilities for electric vehicle manufacturers. Two African nations, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Zimbabwe, are tightening control over critical battery metals—cobalt and lithium—affecting China's electric vehicle supply chain. The DRC, responsible for over 70% of global cobalt production, has restricted its cobalt exports and. UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources student Mercy Kalu gives a powerful critique of the hidden human and environmental costs behind electric vehicles. As companies globally look toward investing in a green future, particularly. Importing an electric vehicle (EV) into the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 2025 is easier than ever, thanks to new tax exemptions and streamlined processes. Fully electric vehicles now qualify for 100% VAT and customs duty exemptions, making them more affordable for importers. However. 'US measure would ban products containing mineral mined with child labor in DRC' 3 July 2023 A measure has been introduced in the U.