The lithium–air battery (Li–air) is a metal–air electrochemical cell or battery chemistry that uses oxidation of lithium at the anode and reduction of oxygen at the cathode to induce a current flow. Pairing lithium and ambient oxygen can theoretically lead to electrochemical cells with the highest possible specific energy. Originally proposed in the 1970s as a possible power source for, and, Li–air batteries recaptured scientific interest late in the first decade of the 2000s due to advances in In general lithium ions move between the anode and the cathode across the electrolyte. Under discharge, electrons follow the external circuit to do electric work and the lithium ions migrate to the cathode. During charge the lithium metal plates onto the anode,. Pore Size ModulationThe research towards deciphering the impacts of pore size and distribution remain ongoing, but some conclusions have been made, especially regarding sets of pores smaller than 100nm. In cells using cathodes made. • • • • • As of 2013, many challenges confronted designers. Generally, they fall into either surface passivation or pore clogging, which are confronted below. Long-term battery operation requires chemical stability of all cell components. Current cell designs. VehiclesLi–air cells are of interest for electric vehicles, because of their high theoretical specific and volumetric energy density, comparable to. Electric motors provide high efficiency (95% compared to 35% for an • • • •.